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.f3 - # - Chapter 16 - Printing & Formatting .rm70 .tc .tc1 .tc 16. PRINTING & FORMATTING .............................# CHAPTER 16 PRINTING & FORMATTING .imFooters .imHeaders .IMPrinting Word Fugue uses several methods to format text: ■ Dot lines. These are special text lines that control most formatting features. ■ Editing commands, including special font characters. .tc Printing a File ....................................# Printing a File .ix Printing .ix Background .ixPrint Formatting;Print Formatting Any text file can be printed from within Word Fugue. Files formatted with Word Fugue's page layout commands and font controls will print with multiple fonts, headers, footers, and page breaks. Press Ctrl K P to initiate background printing. Once printing has started, you can continue with any editing. ╔═══════════════════════════ Print Setup ═══════════════════════════╗ ║ Print file now ║ ╠═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╣ ║ Name of file C:\WF\DOC\WF.016 ║ ║ Auto formatting ON ║ ║ First page 1 ║ ║ Last page 4095 ║ ║ Odd or Even pages Both ║ ║ Copies 1 ║ ║ Quality of print Letter Quality ║ ║ Text Offset 6 ║ ║ Initial line size Normal = 6 lines per inch (.LH 10 / 60) ║ ╠═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╣ ║ Which printer C:\WF\NECP7.PDF ║ ║ Device LPT1 ║ ║ Manual paper feed OFF ║ ║ Use formfeeds ON ║ ║ Edit printer codes ║ ║ Save printer setup ║ ╚═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╝ Fig 16.1 - Print Menu .tc1 Fig 16.1 - Print Menu .................................# Do not press <Enter> on the first menu selection, Print file now, until the other items in the box have been set to your satisfaction. Selecting the first item starts the print job. .ix Name of File After you select the second menu item, Name of file, a prompt box will request entry of the name of the file to print. When prompted for a file name, you may enter DOS wildcards or the name of another drive or subdirectory. In this case, another window will display the names of all matching files. You can select from this list by using the cursor keypad, or by pressing the first letter of the filename in which you are interested. .ix Print file being edited If you wish to print a file that is currently loaded in memory, Word Fugue will ask you whether you want to save the file. If you answer Yes, the file will be saved, and printing will commence. If you answer NO then printing will not commence. .CP5 NOTE - You should be aware that if you start printing a file currently in memory, and then make further changes to that file while it is being printed, then those changes will not print, only the saved copy on disk. If you attempt to save a file to disk when you are currently printing it, you will probably receive a DOS error (depending on your version of DOS) since the old version of the file will still be open by the print routine when Word Fugue tries to rename it or delete it (depending on your option for "Make backup files"). .ix Autoformatting Set Auto formatting OFF if you wish to have Word Fugue ignore formatting commands (. commands) in your text. In this case, text will print continuously with no form feeds or page breaks. Control codes embedded in the text will be written to the output without interpretation. .ix Printing .ixPrint Formatting;Print Formatting .ix First Page .ix Last Page .ix Page Range .ix Odd or Even pages only .ix Even or Odd pages only By default, Word Fugue prints all pages of the document. You can set starting and stopping pages if desired, by use of First Page and Last Page. You can also determine to print only ODD or EVEN pages by use of Odd or Even Pages. This is very useful for printing on both sides of paper. .ix Number of copies The number of copies defaults to 1, but you can change it to any number between 1 and 20 by use of the Copies option. .ix Quality of Print .ixLetter Quality;Letter Quality Printing .irCorrespondence;Correspondence quality printing .irCorrespondencf; See Letter Quality Printing The Quality of print defaults to Default, but you can change it to Letter Quality with this option. .ix Text Offset .irPage Offset;Page Offset see Text Offset .ixMargins ; Text Offset .ixMargins ; Page Offset This determines how far in from the left edge of the paper your text prints. The factory default is 6 characters, but this can be changed on this menu, and saved by using the Save Options menu option. Select from any of the available printer definition files (default extension .PDF) to find one that is appropriate for your printer. You can change to another file and use Options Save setup to default subsequent use to that file. .ix Printer port .ix Spooling to file You can also choose between sending the printed output to LPT1, LPT2, LPT3, COM1, COM2, PRN or to a file. LPTn & COMn refer to the computer port where your printer is attached. If the printer is attached to a serial port, you must use one of COM1 or COM2, while if it is attached to a parallel port you must use one of LPT1, LPT2 or LPT3. Your choice will be saved with Word Fugue when you Save Setup. PRN will print through the same port as LPT1, but is useful if you are printing over a network and find that nothing prints until you exit Word Fugue. When output is printed to a file, all control codes are written out just as when they are printed. In this case, you must also specify the name of the output file using the prompt window. .ix Manual paper feed Set Manual paper feed ON if you wish to have Word Fugue prompt you to insert a new sheet of paper after each page. This choice is also stored as part of the printer definition file for your selected printer. .CP4 .ix Formfeeds Set Use formfeeds ON if your printer accepts ASCII character #12 to eject each page. Otherwise, Word Fugue will fill out the end of each page with blank lines. After making all selections, move the menu bar to the Print file now item and press <Enter>. If you decide not to print, just press <Esc>. Printing occurs as a background task. You can continue editing with minimal loss of performance while the print job continues. To stop a print job at any time, execute the Print File command sequence. Word Fugue will confirm whether you want to stop the print job. You can edit and store printer definitions from within Word Fugue, using the Edit Printer Codes and Save Printer codes of the File Print menu. Select a printer definition file (default extension .PDF) using the Which printer menu item. Word Fugue will load this printer file into memory. .ix Printing .ixPrint Formatting;Print Formatting .tc Editing Printer Sequences ........................# Editing Printer Sequences .ix Edit printer control sequences Select Edit Printer Codes on the print menu, and you will see a pick list of available print sequences: ╔═══════ Printer Strings ═══════╗ ║ Initialization ║ ║ Reset ║ ║ Bold text ^B ON ║ ║ Bold text ^B OFF ║ ║ Doublestrike ^D ON ║ ║ Doublestrike ^D OFF ║ ║ Underscore ^S ON ║ ║ Underscore ^S OFF ║ ║ Superscript ^T ON ║ ║ Superscript ^T OFF ║ ║ Subscript ^V ON ║ ║ Subscript ^V OFF ║ ║ Compressed ^A ON ║ ║ Compressed ^A OFF ║ ║ Italic ^Y ON ║ ║ Italic ^Y OFF ║ ║ 8 Lines Per Inch ^C ║ ║ 6 Lines Per Inch ^C ║ ║ Paper Length in Inches ^E ║ ║ Paper Length in Inches ^E ║ ║ Paper Length in Lines ^F ║ ║ Paper Length in Lines ^F ║ ╚════════════════v│^│═════════════╝ Fig 16.2 - Printer Sequence Edit Menu .tc1 Fig 16.2 - Printer Sequence Edit Menu .................# .CP5 Use the cursor keys to highlight the sequence to edit, and press Enter. When you choose a sequence to edit, its title appears in another window. ╔══════════Edit Esc seq name═══════════╗ ║ Initialization ║ ╚══════════════════════════════════════╝ Fig 16.3 - Edit Print Sequence Title .tc1 Fig 16.3 - Edit Print Sequence Title ..................# You can accept it as is by pressing Enter, or change it and then press Enter. You should always include the activation letter in the name, for ease when replaying. The default titles stored in the printer definition files all have the control code as part of the title. If you make changes and forget what the activation control code is, you can edit the title, press Ctrl X to delete the contents, then press Enter. Word Fugue will replace the empty title by its stored default title, which will include the activation letter. .ix Printing .ixPrint Formatting;Print Formatting .ix Edit printer control sequences Once you have pressed Enter on the printer sequence name, you will see the sequence itself in another pop up window. ╔═════════════════ Initialization ══════════════════╗ ║ <Ctrl\>@<Esc>CF<Esc>M ║ ║ ║ ║ ║ ║ ║ ║ ║ ║ ║ ║ ║ ║ ║ ║ ║ ║ ║ ║ ║ ║ ║ ║ ║ ╚═══════════════════════════════════════ Command ═══╝ Fig 16.4 - Edit Printer Sequence .tc1 Fig 16.4 - Edit Printer Sequence ......................# Most characters you type will be inserted literally into the printer control sequence, with the following exceptions. It can be edited using the cursor arrow keys, and the <Del> or <Backspace> keys. <CtrlBksp> will delete the entire sequence. <Enter> will end the editing of that sequence. <Esc> will undo any changes made to the sequence. Pressing Alt plus the number keys on the numeric keypad to code the decimal sequence of a character will enter that character. This makes it easy to enter those high order characters that do not appear on the keyboard. Consult your DOS manual for more information on entering alternate key strokes on your computer. In case you need to enter any of these special keys as part of the sequence, press the <ScrollLock> key to enter Literal mode. In this mode, all keystrokes will be inserted into the macro without any interpretation. In order to terminate the edit when in this mode, you will need to press <ScrollLock> again in order to enter the <Enter> or <ESC> characters. The printer definition currently held in memory can be stored to a disk file using the Save printer setup menu item. Word Fugue stores the printer command sequences for all fonts, as well as the default settings for manual paper feed and formfeeds, when you save the setup. .CP6 .ix Printing .ixPrint Formatting;Print Formatting .ix Edit printer control sequences Word Fugue will prompt for a file name when you decide to store the current definition. The default extension for printer definitions is .PDF. The name of the file you loaded will be shown as the default name under which to save. If you press enter, you will be asked whether to overwrite the existing file. .tc Printer Format Commands.............................# Printer Format Commands .ix Printer Format Commands .ir Control Codes See Printer Format commands Any of the command sequences that control various printer fonts can be edited using the Edit printer codes menu selection. Each font is associated with two strings - one to turn the font ON, and another to turn it OFF. The sequences are activated by control characters embedded in the text. These characters can be inserted either by the special font characters (look in help under Text Attributes) or by pressing the Control character insertion command (Ctrl K P) followed by the letter corresponding to the control character. The exceptions to this rule about activation letters are: Initialization and Reset, which are sent at the beginning and end of the print respectively, and Letter Quality and Default Quality, which are sent at the start of each page. These others are sent when a control character is encountered - the ON sequence is sent the first time, and the OFF sequence is sent the second time. (then back to ON ...) .CP22 ^B On & Off - usually bold Alt B ^D On & Off - usually double strike Alt D ^S On & Off - usually underline Alt U ^T On & Off - usually superscript Alt T ^V On & Off - usually subscript Alt V ^A On & Off - usually compressed Alt C ^Y On & Off - usually italics Alt I ^C On & Off Ctrl P C ^E On & Off Ctrl P E ^F On & Off Ctrl P F ^G On & Off Ctrl P G ^N On & Off Ctrl P N ^P On & Off Ctrl P P ^Q On & Off Ctrl P Q ^R On & Off Ctrl P R ^U On & Off Ctrl P U ^W On & Off Ctrl P W ^X On & Off Ctrl P X ^\ On & Off Ctrl P \ ^^ On & Off Ctrl P ^ ^_ On & Off Ctrl P _ ^] On & Off Ctrl P ] The linkage between the control character encountered in the text and the sequence used is positional as detailed above. Feel free to define your own meanings for these sequences, but we advise you to include the activation character and the words ON or OFF in the name, so that you do not forget what they are. Word Fugue predefines the names of each sequence, so should you delete the name of a sequence, word Fugue will show the predefined name. .CP6 .ix Printing .ixPrint Formatting;Print Formatting .tc Laser Printers and Dot Matrixes .................# Laser Printers and Dot Matrixes .ix Laser printers .ix Dot Matrix printers There are 2 methods of print control: 1. The Epson model, where each attribute is independent. If you set up bold, italic, underline in that order, turning off italic still leaves bold & underline on. In this model, when the second ^Y is encountered (Italics OFF), all that is required is to send the stored OFF sequence. 2. The laser printer model, where each attribute selects a particular font, and attributes are only turned off by selecting a new font. Thus if you have bold, italic & underlined text, the only way to turn off italics is to select text that is bold and underlined. In this model, when the second ^Y is encountered (Italics OFF), what is required is to send the on sequences of all the other active fonts. Some printers have a mixture of the 2 methods. (Laser printers are notorious for this with the sequence that controls underlining conforming to the Epson model). Word Fugue assumes that where a print control sequence is set up so that the sequence to turn it off is empty, then you need it to turn on all other ON fonts back on again. Note that this implies that Word Fugue has knowledge of the initial choice of fonts, so you should ensure that the Letter Quality and Default Quality sequences are set up for your printer. If the OFF sequence has values in it (beware of storing spaces in an OFF sequence, since this will fool Word Fugue into thinking that the sequence is present) then Word Fugue sends the OFF sequence only. {.╬} {.╬} .tc Printable Area ...............................# Printable Area .ix Printable Area Dot Matrix printers and any other Line Printers can normally print over the entire page area. Laser printers and other Page Printers are normally restricted to an area smaller than the page size. {.╬} {.╬} For example, on normal US letter size paper there are 66 lines, and a dot matrix printer will be able to print on all of them. A typical laser printer on the other hand will only print 64 lines on the page. What happens to lines 65 & 66 depend upon your printer. Some will ignore the extra lines, while others will print them on another page.{.╬} {.╬} You need to be aware of this when paginating a document for a laser printer.{.╬} {.╬} .CP6 Printers that Ignore the Extra Lines{.╬} {.╬} For these printers it is relatively simple - you need to set the margin at the bottom of the document in such a way as to leave the last 2 lines blank. The exact size will depend upon whether you want to print 1, 2 or 3 footer lines. The examples below assume that you want one line space between your text and the first footer line. If you want more you should increase the value of the Bottom margin by one for each extra blank line:{.╬} {.╬} 3 Footer Lines{.╬} Set the Bottom margin to 6 (.MB 6){.╬} Set the Footer margin to 5 (.FM 5){.╬} {.╬} 2 Footer Lines{.╬} Set the Bottom margin to 5 (.MB 5){.╬} Set the Footer margin to 4 (.FM 4){.╬} {.╬} 1 Footer Line{.╬} Set the Bottom margin to 4 (.MB 4){.╬} Set the Footer margin to 3 (.FM 3){.╬} {.╬} If you are not sure about your printer, try this option first. If you find yourself receiving a blank page after every printed page, you need to read below.{.╬} {.╬} Printers that Print the Extra Lines on a New Page{.╬} {.╬} For these printers it is more complicated - you need to set the page size to something larger than the number of lines you actually want to print. Page printers do have commands for both the page size and the printable area size, so this can be done from a PDF.{.╬} {.╬} If you are working with normal US Letter size (66 lines long), or Metric A4 (70 lines long) but you only want 66 lines per page, you could use the initialise print sequence to set the page size to A4 (= 70 lines) and then format for 66 lines. The page size command in your PDF should actually contain the command for the size of the Printable Area, and can either set it to 66 lines, or contain a $ or # character to permit Word Fugue to set the size itself.{.╬} For example: Using HP Laserjet sequences Your PDF: Initialise = <ESC>E<ESC>&l26a70p66F Page Length = <ESC>&L70p$F Your Text: .PL66 {.╬} However, if you use A4 normally, and you wish to print 70 lines per page instead of 66 lines per page, you need to set the page size to something larger, such as 72 or 74 lines. This could cause your printer to demand you to "Load Legal size paper" or similar, which will then have to be over-ridden from the control panel.{.╬} {.╬} The file LASERJET.PDF is an example of this for use with printers that employ HP Laserjet emulations. It sets the page size to 72 lines, and allows Word Fugue to set the printable area to either 66 lines or 70 lines, depending on which you prefer.{.╬} {.╬} .tc On Screen Display of Fonts ......................# On Screen Display of Fonts .ixDisplaying; Printer fonts .ixDisplaying;Displaying If font display is on, the text will appear in the colour you have selected for that font. If font display is off, the codes will appear as alphabetic letters but in a different colour from the text. .tc Colour Ribbons .....................................# Colour Ribbons .ixColours; of Print Ribbons Some printers allow the use of colour ribbons. You can switch to a different colour by inserting the appropriate control code into your text. Word Fugue assumes that you start with a black ribbon, so the first time you enter a colour control code, you will switch to that colour. The second time you enter the same control code, you will switch back to black. If you enter a different code, you will switch to that colour. The control codes that we have reserved for colours are: Ctrl P Q - Blue Ctrl P R - Green Ctrl P U - Red Ctrl P ^ - Violet Ctrl P _ - Yellow Ctrl P ] - Magenta If you have a colour printer, check that your Printer Definition File (PDF) has these codes set up. If not, you can easily set these up. .CP5 .ixTIPS; Printing in colour TIP - Install the code for black as part of the "Default Quality" and "Letter Quality" sequences, since these are sent whenever you turn off a sequence and the off sequence is empty. If you change from one colour to another, you should first turn off the original colour. For example this text is black ^Qwhile this text is blue^Q^Rand this is green^R .tc Dot Commands .......................................# Dot Commands Dot commands perform a variety of functions, mostly related to printing. They are also used for table of contents and indexing. Type a period (dot) in column 1 and follow it with a 2 character command code and any other information that the command code requires. It does not matter whether the commands are in upper case or lower case. Press enter to end the line. The line remains in your file, but does not appear in the printout. If you require, the prefix character (dot or period) can be changed to another character. From the pull down menu, select Options, followed by Global file options, and then Print format character. You will be prompted for the new character to use. This character can be any special character (ie non numeric and non alphabetic). The new character can be saved so that Word Fugue will always use the character you have specified. If you do change the character, it will be used for all printing from that time forth. IE, you cannot change prefix in mid document. This option is useful if you are switching between documents produced under Borland's Sprint, which uses Wordstar compatible "dot" commands, but prefixes them with an @ character. Alternatively, you may be one of those who wants to type dots in column one and have them print. .cp15 .ix Printing .ixPrint Formatting;Print Formatting .tc Print formatting Dot Commands.....................# Print Formatting Dot Commands Those commands specific to Mail Merge are discussed in chapter 17, those commands for Table of Contents are discussed in chapter14, while those for indexing are discussed in chapter 15. Dot commands always start in column one with a dot (.), which is why they are referred to as Dot Commands. The prefix character can be changed from a dot to some other character, if you have changed the prefix character, use the appropriate prefix in place of the dot. The next 2 characters specify the command. They can be in uppercase or lower case, but they must follow immediately after the dot in columns 2 and 3. Other parameters may follow after these characters. If they do, there is no need for a separating space. For example: .PA .FI filename .FIfilename .CP30 Include file .FI filename Offset page to right by n columns .PO n or .PO O n or .PO E n Start new page .PA If current page number is Odd or Even, .PB O or E Text print a blank page with Text centred on the page. eg "This page intentionally left blank" Otherwise, start a new page (like .PA) Start new page if fewer than n lines remain .CP n Start new page if current page number is Odd or Even .CP O or E Set page number to n .PN n Omit page numbers .OP Print page numbers .PG Put page number in column n .PC n Set page length to n lines .PL n Set top margin to n lines .MT n Set bottom margin to n lines .MB n Set header margin to n lines .HM n Set footer margin to n lines .FM n Start marking text in margin .EV @M1 Stop Marking text in margin .EV @M0 Define header lines .HE header line 1 } both the .H1 header line 1 } same .H2 header line 2 .H3 header line 3 Define footer lines .FO footer line 1 } both the .F1 footer line 1 } same .F2 footer line 2 .F3 footer line 3 Special Codes within Headers and Footers Insert current page number # Ignore following spaces on even pages <CtrlP><CtrlK> Take next character literally \ Invoke printing functions @ .cp5 .ix Printing .ixPrint Formatting;Print Formatting - return the time in format: @T0 HH:MM @T1 HH:MM:SS @T2 HH:MM XX where XX = AM or PM @T3 HH:MM:SS XX where XX = AM or PM - return the date in format: @D0 MMM DD, YYYY @D1 DD/MM/YY @D2 DD/MM/YYYY @D3 MM/DD/YY @D4 MM/DD/YYYY @D5 YYYY/MM/DD @D6 DD MMM YYYY @D7 dayname, DD MMM YYYY @D8 DD month YYYY .tc1 Fig 16.5 - Print Dot Commands Part 1 ..................# Fig 16.5 - Print Dot Commands Part 1 .CP6 - return the name of the file being printed @F0 full path name\filename @F1 filename.ext Set page number type .PT x where x = N or n - numeric (default) R - Roman Uppercase r - roman lowercase A - Alphabetic uppercase a - alphabetic lowercase Line Height (in 1/48th inches) .LH n Line Height (in 1/m inches) .LH n/m Newspaper Columns .CO number , gutter or .CO n,g / width,width Column break .CB Conditional column break .CC n Character width .CW r.r Character width in 1/120 inch .CW n Mail Merge and Other Commands Define Data file .DF filename delim Read variables from data file .RV variable list Ask for a variable .AV prompt,variable Set variable to a value .SV variable=value Mathematical calculation .MA variable=equation Display a message .DM message Go to top of file and start again .GO For Wordstar compatible variable replacement .WS Y or N Define Index heading .IMtext Define Index Entry .IXline .IXheading;text Index refer to line .IRtext or .IRheading;text Width of index line .IW width , indent Define Table Of Contents Entry .TCline or .TC1 for table 1 through to .TC9 for table 9 print endnotes at this point .PE Endnote starting number is set to n .E# n Footnote starting number is set to n .F# n Notes style options: .NS xxxx IF condition .IF condition ELSE .EL End IF .EI Fig 16.5 - Print Dot Commands Part 2 .tc1 Fig 16.5 - Print Dot Commands Part 2 ..................# The dot commands pertaining to Mail Merge, Tables of Contents & Indexes are discussed in other chapters. The other commands are discussed on the following pages. .CP8 .tc Include File ...................................# Include File .ixInclude File;Include file during printing .ix Include file .RR L ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! R Files that you print (or generate tables of contents or indexes) can include other files, which can in turn include others, up to 5 levels deep. This is very useful for writing large documents, because it permits them to be broken up into separate chapters which can be put together at print time. .CP3 The format of the command is .FI filename comment .ixDot Commands; .FI - Include File The file name is mandatory, but the comment is optional. If present, it must be separated from the file name by a space. The file will be printed in place of the .FI line. The included file can include others, which may in turn include others, up to a maximum of 5 levels. This means that 1 A includes B 2 which Includes C 3 which includes D 4 which includes E 5 which includes F You can have as many file includes in a document as you like. This means that you can break your large documents down into chapters, tables of contents and indexes, and then break large chapters down into smaller parts. Including Files is also discussed in chapter 8. .CP5 .ix Printing .ixPrint Formatting;Print Formatting .ix Page Offset .ixPage Offset;Page Offset .tc Page Offset ....................................# Page Offset The printed page can be offset to the right by having a left margin, or by specifying a Page Offset. This allows room for binding down the left edge. .ixDot Commands; .PO - Page Offset .ixDot Commands; .PO O - Page Offset Even pages .ixDot Commands; .PO E - Page Offset Odd Pages The format is .PO n offset for all pages .PO O n offset for Odd pages .PO E n offset for Even pages where n is a number which may be zero. The first format sets the same offset for all pages, which the second and third set offsets for Odd and Even numbered pages respectively. This later function is useful where a document is to be printed on both sides of the page. .tc Start New Page .................................# Start New Page .ix Page breaks .ixPage Breaks;Page Breaks A page break is a division between two pages. If you have Page breaks set ON it's shown on screen as ₧° on the right hand side of the screen. It appears on the line that will print on the new page. A Start New Page command means that all text on the lines that follow it will be printed on a subsequent page. Word Fugue will automatically break up printing into the amount that will fit on a page, but sometimes you may need to over-ride that to ensure that for example a table always appears on a single page, or that a paragraph does not print separated from its heading, or that the first or last line of a paragraph does not appear on a separate page. .ixDot Commands; .PA - Page break .ixDot Commands; .PB E - Page break with blank page if Even page .ixDot Commands; .PB O - Page break with blank page if Odd page .ixDot Commands; .CP - Conditional page break .ixDot Commands; .CP O - page break if odd page .ixDot Commands; .CP E - page break if even page .CP8 The format is .PA start new page .PB O text blank next page if Odd .PB E text Blank next page if Even .CP n new page if less than n lines .CP O new page if Odd .CP E new page if Even The .PA command always starts a new page. All the other command are Conditional page breaks. The .PB command will always throw a page break, and optionally print another page that is blank, depending on whether the page number is ODD or EVEN. In addition, if the O or E is followed by text, that text will be printed centred in the blank page. The text will not be printed unless a blank page is printed. eg .PB O THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK If the current page number is ODD, a blank page will be printed, with the text THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK centred on the page. If the page number is even, a page break will be taken. .ix Printing .ixPrint Formatting;Print Formatting .ixConditional;Conditional Page Breaks .ix Conditional Page Breaks In either case, the next page to have printing will be an odd numbered page. (Think about it if this puzzles you). The converse is true for the .PB E command. The .CP n command will start a new page if less than n lines remain on this page. If more lines remain, the command is ignored. eg .CP 5 will start a new page if there are 4 lines remaining on the current page. If there are 5 lines remaining, the command will be ignored. The .CP O command will start a new page if the page number is Odd, otherwise the command is ignored. The .CP E command will start a new page if the page number is Even, otherwise the command is ignored. .tc Page Numbers ...................................# Page Numbers .ix Page Numbers .ixPage Numbers;Page Numbers Word Fugue keeps track of a document's page numbers during editing (if Page Breaks are ON) and during printing (regardless of what Page Breaks is set to). The first page of a document is always page number one, and subsequent pages are numbered sequentially. To change the page number that will be printed on a page (and subsequent pages), use the .PN dot command. .ixDot Commands; .PN - Set page number .ixPage Numbers; Set page number (.PN) .ixPage Numbers; Changing (.PN) eg .PN 15 will set the page number to 15, and subsequent pages will be numbered sequentially from 15. Note that if you refer to the page number before the line containing the .PN command, the old page number will be used, because the new page number does not come into effect until the .PN command is processed. .ixDot Commands; .PG - Print page numbers The default for Word Fugue is not to print page numbers unless you specify to. This can be done by referring to page numbers in heading of footer lines, or by the .PG command. This command tells Word Fugue to print the page number at the bottom of the page. (If you have not specified a footer or header that refers to page number). To print the page number in your own header or footer, use the character # at the spot where you want the page number to print. The default position for Word fugue to print page numbers automatically is column 33. .ixDot Commands; .PC - page number column for .PG The column for automatic page numbers can be changed by the .PC command. Type the command followed by the column number you want page numbers printed in. eg .PC 28 will print page numbers in column 28. This only applies to automatic page numbers - if you specify a spot for the page number in a footer or header, then that spot is used. .ix Printing .ixPrint Formatting;Print Formatting .ix Page Numbers .ixPage Numbers;Page Numbers .ixDot Commands; .OP - omit page numbers Automatic page numbering can be turned off again by use of the .OP command. This Omits the automatic printing of page numbers until turned back on again. This only applies to automatic page numbers - if you specify page numbering in a footer or header, then page numbers will continue to print. .ixDot Commands; .PT - Page number Type .ix Page Number Style (.PT) .ixPage Numbers; Page Number Style (.PT) The style of page number can be set to be other than numbers by use of the .PT command. The internal page number is converted into the specified format. eg .PT x where x = N or n - numeric (default) R - Roman Uppercase r - roman lowercase A - Alphabetic uppercase a - alphabetic lowercase .PT r will print page numbers as lowercase roman letters. IE page number 3 will print as iii, while .PT A will print page number 3 as C. .ixPage Numbers; Page Number Style .PT This is useful for special numbering of tables of contents, appendices or indexes. .tc Vertical Print Margins .........................# Vertical Print Margins .ix Vertical Print Margins .tc Page Length .................................# Page Length .ix Page Length .ixDot Commands; .PL - Page Length Page length is the total number of lines on a page. At the default of 6 lines per inch, a standard 11 inch page (USA Standard) has 66 lines, which is the Word Fugue default page length. A standard A4 page (European Standard) is 11 2/3 lines long, and fits 70 lines per page. .CP5 The number of lines that actually print is determined by the page length in combination with the top and bottom margins. With all the defaults - 66 lines per page, top margin 5 lines and bottom margin 4 lines, the actual number of lines in the text body of the page is 66 - 5 - 4 = 57 lines, not including the headers and footers. The default lines per page can be changed from the Margins sub menu of the Options menu, and can be set to any positive value. This value can be over-ridden by the .PL dot command. For example .PL 84 gives a page length of 84 lines, the number on a legal size (14-inch) page. This command also sends a command to the printer to tell it what the new page length is - stored in the "Page length in Lines" slot in the Printer Definition file. .ixDot Commands; .PL - Page Length .PL will send a sequence to the printer as follows: If the page length entry is not empty, the sequence will be sent. Otherwise nothing will be sent. If the sequence includes a '#', it will be replaced by the decimal equivalent of the number following the .PL command. Thus .PL 70 with a sequence of <esc>C# would send <esc>CF to the printer. F is the printable equivalent of decimal 070. If the number is bigger than one character, the low byte comes first thus <esc>Cmn where the number = m + 256*n. If the sequence includes a '$' sign, it will be replaced by the character representation of the number itself. Thus .PL70 with a sequence of |PL$. would send |PL70. to the printer. .cp6 .ix Printing .ixPrint Formatting;Print Formatting .tc Line Height .................................# Line Height .ixDot Commands; .LH - Line Height .ix Line Height Changing the top or bottom margin alters the number of lines of text that can be printed on a page, as does changing the number of lines per inch. Smaller margins and more lines per inch mean more lines that can be printed on a page. The lines per inch is set by the .LH command. (Alternatively, you can set up an unused print command to set a special lines per inch command). The format is .LH n line height in n/48ths of an inch .LH n/m line height in n/mths of an inch For example .LH 16 gives 3 lines per inch, since the line height is 16/48ths of an inch. This will print a document double spaced. The /m is optional, but is used if your printer uses a different stepping than the default 48th inch. This is necessary for Word Fugue to calculate the correct number of lines that will fit on the page. Word Fugue sends the sequence found in the "Line Height" slot of the Printer Definition File followed by the value of n in exactly the same manner that the .PL command does. That means that you should have either a # character or a $ character included in the sequence, and it will be replaced by a number. .cp21 .ix Printing .ixPrint Formatting;Print Formatting .ixDot Commands; .LH - Line Height .ix Line Height The chart below (fig 16.6) shows how different settings for the .LH command affect the number of lines per inch in the printout. Command Lines/inch .LH 5 9.6 .LH 6 8 .LH 7 6.8 .LH 8 6 .LH 12/72 6 (in 72nds of an inch) .LH 6/72 12 .LH 27/216 8 .LH 12 4 (one & a half spacing) .ixDouble;Double Spaced Text (.LH) .LH 16 3 (Double spaced text) .LH 24 2 (Triple line spacing) Fig 16.6 - Sample Line Heights and Equivalent Lines per Inch .tc1 Fig 16.6 - Line Heights and Equivalent Lines per Inch .# .tc Line Width ..................................# Line Width .ixDot Commands; .LW - Line Width You can also change the width of the line by the use of dot commands. the .LW command sets the width in characters. For example .LW 120 tells Word Fugue that the line width from now on is 120 characters. It also sends the print sequence in the "Line width" slot in the printer definition file to the printer, followed by the decimal value of the number that followed the line width command, in exactly the same manner as the .PL command does. .tc Margins .....................................# Margins .CP5 The top and bottom margins affect printing by changing where the page breaks go. They do not show on the screen. To find out how many lines will print on a page, subtract the top and bottom margins from the page length. For example 66 lines minus 5 top margin minus 4 bottom margin gives 57 lines of text. .ixDot Commands; .MT - Margin at Top .ixDot Commands; .MB - Margin at Bottom .ix Margins .ix .MT - Margin at Top .ix .MB - Margin at Bottom .ixMargins ; Top margin (.MT) .ixMargins ; Bottom margin (.MB) To change the Top margin, use the .MT dot command, and follow it by the number of lines in the margin. For example .MT 4 sets the top margin to 4 lines. The bottom margin is set by the .MB command in the same fashion. .CP5 Headers and Footers also have margins. The header margin is the number of blank lines between the top of the page and the first heading line. The footer margin is the number of lines between the bottom of the page and the last footer line. .ixDot Commands; .HM - Header Margin .ixDot Commands; .FM - Footer Margin .IX Header margin (.HM) .ix Footer Margin (.FM) .ix .HM - Header Margin .ix .FM - Footer Margin .ixHM;.HM - Header Margin .ixFM;.FM - Footer Margin .ixMargins ; Header (.HM) .ixMargins ; Footer (.FM) The header margin is set by the .HM command, while the footer margin is set by the .FM command. In each case follow the command by the number of lines in the margin. Refer to fig 16.7 below for more information about the relationship between the margins and the page. .cp25 .ix Printing .ixPrint Formatting;Print Formatting ┌─────> ╔════╤═══════════════════╤══════╗ │ ║ │ ├──────║─ .MT │ .HM─║────┤ │ ║ │ ║ Header line │ ║ │ ║ ┌───────────────────┴┐ ║ │ ║ │adfhd sdf sdf sdf df│ ║ │ ║ │df asdf sdf sdf fff │ ║ │ ║ │asdfdf asdf sad sdff│ ║ │ ║ │asdf asdf sdf asdffd│ ║ │ ║ │asdfas┌──────┐f sadf│ ║ .PL ─┤ ║ │asdf a│ TEXT │sdfsdf│ ║ │ ║ │asdf a└──────┘sddfa │ ║ │ ║ │asdf asdfasdf ass sd│ ║ │ ║ │asdf asdfa asdf assf│ ║ │ ║ │asdf asdf asdf asdf │ ║ │ ║ └────────────────────┘ ║ │ ║ Footer line │ ║ │ ║ │ ├──────║─ .MB │ .FM─║────┤ │ ║ └─────> ╚════╧═══════════════════╧══════╝ Fig 16.7 - Diagram of Vertical Print Margins .tc1 Fig 16.7 - Diagram of Vertical Print Margins ..........# ■ MT must be greater than HM for the header to print ■ MB must be greater than FM for the footer to print ■ PL must be greater that MT + MB ■ if MT = 0 or MB = 0 then no pagination occurs. ■ Default page numbers do not appear if FO or F1 is used. .CP5 .tc Headings and Footers ...........................# Headings and Footers A footing (or footer) is special text that prints at the bottom of every page. A heading (or header) is special text that prints at the top of every page. You can define up to 3 lines of heading and 3 lines of footers for your text. You can use different headings in different parts of your file, and you can turn them off. To define heading and footers, use the commands below in your text. .ixDot Commands; .HE - Heading .ixDot Commands; .H1 - Heading line 1 .ixDot Commands; .H2 - Heading line 2 .ixDot Commands; .H3 - Heading line 3 .ixDot Commands; .FO - Footer .ixDot Commands; .F1 - Footer line 1 .ixDot Commands; .F2 - Footer line 2 .ixDot Commands; .F3 - Footer line 3 .ix .HE - Heading .ix .H1 - Heading line 1 .ix .H2 - Heading line 2 .ix .H3 - Heading line 3 .ix .FO - Footer .ix .F1 - Footer line 1 .ix .F2 - Footer line 2 .ix .F3 - Footer line 3 .ixHeaders; Dot commands for (.HE,.H1,.H2,.H3) .ixFooters; Dot commands for (.FO,.F1,.F2,.F3) .ixHeaders; Defining .ixFooters; Defining .CP5 .HE or .H1 header line 1 .H2 header line 2 .H3 header line 3 .FO or .F1 footer line 1 .F2 footer line 2 .F3 footer line 3 To turn a footer or header off, type the dot command with no text following. It will print as blank. To put a blank line between two headings or footers, type .F1 (or .H1) and the text for the first line. For the blank line, type .F2 ( or .H2) and the Enter key. For the third line, type .F3 (or .H3) and the text for the last line. Insert current page number # Ignore following spaces on even pages <CtrlP><CtrlK> Take next character literally \ Invoke printing functions @ Fig 16.8 - Special Codes within Headers and Footers .tc1 Fig 16.8 - Special Codes within Headers and Footers ...# .ix Printing .ixPrint Formatting;Print Formatting .ix Headers & Footers .ix Footers & Headers .ixHeaders; Page numbers in .ixFooters; Page numbers in To include the page number in a header or footer, use the # character. For example .FO page # prints as Page 1 on the first page. To print the # character itself, use the | character. For example .HE Draft |#2 prints as Draft #2. To print a | in a header or footer, use two bars together (||). .ixHeaders; Print controls in .ixFooters; Print controls in You can use print controls such as Ctrl P B (bolding) or Ctrl P S (underlining) in footers and headings. These print features will print independently of whatever print features are active in the text body - Word Fugue turns off all active print features before printing a heading or footer, and then turns them back on again. .ixHeaders; Alternating left & right (^P^K) .ixFooters; Alternating left & right (^P^K) To produce alternating left and right footers and headings, use the Ctrl P K command on the footer and heading lines. Press Ctrl P K and then use the Spacebar to space over to where you want the text to start on the right hand (odd numbered) page. Then type the heading or footer text. The spaces following the Ctrl PK up to the text will print on odd numbered pages, but not on even numbered pages. Any spaces before the Ctrl P K will print on both pages. On the printed page, the character immediately following the dot command is the first character of the heading or footer, and will print in column one. If you want the heading or footer to commence in column one, type the text immediately after the dot command with no intervening spaces (.F1text). .CP5 Additional print functions (see below for a discussion of print functions) can be invoked in a heading or footer line. Print functions start with an @ character. Thus to print an @ character in your heading or footer, you must prefix it with a vertical bar (|@). The heading and footer print within the top or bottom margin, they do not count as lines of text. See Fig 16.2 above. .cp15 .tc Print Functions ................................# .ix Printing .ixPrint Formatting;Print Formatting .ix Print Functions Print Functions Print functions feature an @ character followed 1, 2 or 3 characters. In headers or footers, simply insert the print function where you want it to print. In the text body, you must enclose the print functions in special brackets: {. to start interpretation and } to stop interpretation. - return the time in format: @T0 HH:MM military - 24 hour clock @T1 HH:MM:SS " " @T2 HH:MM XX where XX = AM or PM (12 hour clock) @T3 HH:MM:SS XX where XX = AM or PM " " " - return the date in format: @D0 MMM DD, YYYY @D1 DD/MM/YY @D2 DD/MM/YYYY @D3 MM/DD/YY @D4 MM/DD/YYYY @D5 YYYY/MM/DD @D6 DD MMM YYYY @D7 dayname, DD MMM YYYY @D8 DD month YYYY - return the name of the file being printed @F0 full path name\filename @F1 filename.ext - return appropriately formatted level number @L1 to @L9 - refer to chapter 14 for more information on printing level numbers. .CP10 .tc Mark Changes in Left Margin ....................# Mark Changes in Left Margin .ev @M1 Changes are marked in the left margin with a | symbol. This is useful if you have a manual that is revised from time to time - it is customary to issue revised pages with markings in the left margin indicating new text, as this paragraph shows. .ev @m0 .ixDot Commands; .EV - evaluate print functions Start marking text in margin .EV @M1 Stop Marking text in margin .EV @M0 These commands are also print functions and can be included in the text body as such. In this case they will take effect from the line following the line they are in. .RRL ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! R .CP6 .tc Selecting Printer Definition Files .................# Selecting Printer Definition Files The definition of control sequences for a given printer are stored in a file with the name set to something similar to the printer, and the extension set to .PDF. Editing those sequences has been covered above. Most of those files apply to physical printers. If you do not see your printer name among the list, then it will emulate one of those in the list. You should consult your printer manual to determine what printers it emulates. The most common ones are: Epson IBM Proprinter HP Laserjet If your printer does not appear to be supported, contact Fugue Software or your local distributor to see which PDF should be used. In the unlikely event that your printer is not supported, Fugue Software will configure a printer driver for you, providing you are prepared to send us either your printer manual (we will return it) or a photocopy of the section that specifies the printer control sequences. The driver will be supplied free of charge. .tc Special Printer Definition Files ...................# Special Printer Definition Files In addition to the normal PDFs, (ie those applying to physical printers) there are 2 others for special purposes. .tc Print Preview ...................................# Print Preview You can obtain a preview of your print by selecting PREVIEW.PDF as the printer definition file, and by changing the device to File. You will be prompted for the file name. When you request printing to start, the printed output will be written to the file you specified. When printing finishes, you can load this file into Word Fugue to see how the printed output will look. The various fonts will show on screen as they would normally, in different colours or shades of grey (depending on your monitor and card). The headers and footers will appear at the start and end of the pages, snaking columns will appear side by side, and so on. .tc Quick Link Fax ..................................# Quick Link Fax If you use a fax card that comes with Quick Link 2 FaxTM software from Smith Micro Software Inc, then you can use a similar technique for producing a .CAP file for input to the fax process. The PDF to choose is QL2FAX.PDF, which includes standard Epson codes that the fax software will recognise. It also included the appropriate information to permit QL2FAX to recognise the file as a CAP file. .CP5 Select Device and set it to file. When you are prompted for a file name, choose one that does not currently exist. You should set the extension to .CAP If you plan to use the QL2FAX .FILE= command, then you must take precautions to prevent Word Fugue from attempting to interpret this command as a .FI command, and thus not writing it to the output file. You should either - change the dot command prefix to something else like @, and prefix all your dot commands with this character instead of a dot so that .PA becomes @PA, and .FI becomes @FI. In this case, all print functions embedded in the text in {. } must be changed so that the they are embedded in {@ } instead. or - indent the .FILE= command in at say character position 2, which will prevent Word Fugue from recognising the .FILE= as a .FI command. The .FILE= command should be the only thing on the line, or QL2FAX will not properly recognise it as a file merge command. In this case, be careful if you have text on the line above or below the .FILE= command, since any paragraph formatting will draw that command into the text above or below, and prevent QL2FAX from properly recognising the command. {.╬} .tc Ascii Print .....................................# Ascii Print You can obtain a disk file corresponding to an Ascii print of you document (ie without any special fonts or printer control sequences) by printing to a file and selecting ASCII.PDF This will give you all the headers and footers in the right places, which is different from the Export Ascii command. This is useful if you wish to issue a disk version of documentation.